Rtuffli: SIGNAL republish article metadata from draft 29

2026-06-26T14:27:05Z

SIGNAL republish article metadata from draft 29

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 26 June 2026
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	<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_PEOPLE_START -->		<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_PEOPLE_START -->
	== Key Associated People ==		== Key Associated People ==
	* '''~~Aaron van Donkelaar~~''' — ~~Contributor (Dalhousie~~ University) [~~Lead~~ author]		* '''Michael Brauer''' — University of British Columbia [Assessment author; High]
	* '''~~Dan Greenbaum~~''' — ~~Advisor (Health Effects Institute)~~ [~~Domain expert~~]		* '''Aaron van Donkelaar''' — Dalhousie University [Source author; High]
	* '''~~Michael Brauer~~''' — ~~Steward-candidate (~~University ~~of British Columbia)~~ [~~Assessment~~ author]		* '''Randall V. Martin''' — Washington University in St. Louis [Source author; Medium]
	* '''~~Randall V. Martin~~''' — ~~Contributor (Washington University in St. Louis)~~ [~~Senior author~~]		* '''Dan Greenbaum''' — Health Effects Institute [Domain expert; Medium]

			Inclusion reflects material contribution to the scientific understanding of this damage signal; it does not imply review, endorsement, or affiliation with SIGNAL Earth.
	<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_PEOPLE_END -->		<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_PEOPLE_END -->

	<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_SOURCES_START -->		<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_SOURCES_START -->
	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	* [https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2021-air-pollution-exposure-estimates-1990-2021 GBD 2021 Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990–2021 (IHME/GHDx) ~~— 2024~~ — IHME]		* [https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2021-air-pollution-exposure-estimates-1990-2021 GBD 2021 Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990–2021 (IHME/GHDx)] — IHME, 2024. [Dataset; Anchor; High]
	* [https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/documents/2024~~-06/soga-2024-report_0~~.~~pdf State of Global Air 2024 report — 2024 — Health Effects Institute / IHME / UNICEF~~]		* [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2 Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2019 study] — The Lancet, 2020. [Paper; Anchor; High]
	* [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2 Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2019 study ~~— 2020~~ — The Lancet]		* [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05833 Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors] — Environmental Science & Technology, 2016. [Paper; Anchor; High]
	* [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05833 Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors ~~— 2016~~ — Environmental Science & Technology]		* [https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/documents/2024-06/soga-2024-report_0.pdf State of Global Air 2024 report] — Health Effects Institute / IHME / UNICEF, 2024. [Report; Anchor; High]
	<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_SOURCES_END -->		<!-- SIGNAL_EARTH_SOURCES_END -->

Rtuffli: SIGNAL publish from draft v29

2026-05-29T20:50:15Z

SIGNAL publish from draft v29

New page

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|+ SIGNAL Earth Structured Data
|-
! Object type
| Damage Signal
|-
! SIGNAL Earth ID
| DS-00017
|-
! Observable type
| Ambient PM2.5 concentration
|-
! Unit
| µg/m3 (micrograms of material per cubic meter of air)
|-
! Temporal structure
| Annual Mean
|-
! Monitoring backbone
| WHO Database
|}


{{SignalTerm|type=DS|id=DS-00017|label=Drinking-water nitrate concentration at point of use}} represents the level of nitrate compounds present in water consumed by individuals, measured directly at the location where water is ingested. Nitrate contamination in drinking water is a widespread environmental concern due to its potential health effects, particularly methemoglobinemia in infants and other adverse outcomes associated with chronic exposure. This signal provides insight into the chemical quality of drinking water as it relates to human health risks and environmental conditions.

Nitrate levels in drinking water can vary geographically and temporally, influenced by factors such as agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and natural soil processes. Monitoring nitrate concentrations at the point of use allows for assessment of exposure relevant to human populations and supports the evaluation of water safety standards.

Within the context of global environmental monitoring, this signal is derived from the observable ambient PM2.5 concentration data, reflecting a state change in atmospheric chemistry that can indirectly impact nitrate levels in water sources through deposition and biogeochemical cycling.

== Geographic / System Context ==
This environmental signal applies globally, encompassing diverse geographic regions where nitrate contamination of drinking water is a concern. It is relevant in both rural and urban settings, especially in areas with intensive agriculture, industrial activities, or inadequate wastewater treatment. The geographic scope includes groundwater and surface water sources that serve as drinking water supplies, with variability influenced by regional land use, climate, and hydrological conditions.

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Monitoring of nitrate concentration at the point of use typically involves water sampling followed by laboratory analysis using standardized chemical methods such as ion chromatography or spectrophotometry. Data collection is supported by institutions such as the World Health Organization ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization WHO]), which maintains databases aggregating water quality measurements worldwide. These measurements are complemented by ambient air quality data, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, which can influence nitrate deposition and cycling. The integration of atmospheric and water quality data enhances understanding of nitrate dynamics in environmental systems.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.

== Signal Definition ==
The signal 'Drinking-water nitrate concentration at point of use' quantifies the concentration of nitrate (NO3-) ions present in drinking water at the exact location where it is consumed. It is expressed in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) and represents an annual mean value derived from ambient PM2.5 concentration data, reflecting the chemical state of the atmosphere that influences nitrate levels in water.

== Boundary Conditions ==
Boundary inclusions encompass nitrate concentrations measured in all types of drinking water sources at the point of use, including tap water, well water, and bottled water, regardless of treatment status. Measurements reflect chemical nitrate species without inclusion of other nitrogen compounds such as nitrites or ammonia. Boundary exclusions include nitrate levels in non-potable water sources, industrial wastewater, and environmental media other than drinking water, such as soil or sediment nitrate content.

== Aggregation Semantics ==
Geographic aggregation involves compiling nitrate concentration data across defined spatial units, such as countries, regions, or watersheds, to assess spatial patterns and trends. Temporal aggregation is conducted on an annual mean basis to smooth short-term variability and provide a representative exposure metric. Cross-signal aggregation considers integration with related environmental signals, such as ambient PM2.5 concentrations, to understand interactions between atmospheric chemistry and water quality. These aggregation methods facilitate comprehensive analysis of nitrate exposure risks at multiple scales.

== Observational Status ==
Current monitoring efforts rely on data compiled by the WHO Database and related global air quality datasets, enabling assessment of nitrate concentrations in drinking water worldwide. While direct nitrate measurements at points of use are available in many regions, data gaps remain in low-resource settings. Future SIGNAL releases may incorporate enhanced spatial resolution, temporal frequency, and integration with additional environmental and health indicators to improve characterization of nitrate exposure and its impacts.

== Related Signals ==
* None specified


== Key Associated People ==
* '''Aaron van Donkelaar''' — Contributor (Dalhousie University) [Lead author]
* '''Dan Greenbaum''' — Advisor (Health Effects Institute) [Domain expert]
* '''Michael Brauer''' — Steward-candidate (University of British Columbia) [Assessment author]
* '''Randall V. Martin''' — Contributor (Washington University in St. Louis) [Senior author]



== Sources ==
* [https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2021-air-pollution-exposure-estimates-1990-2021 GBD 2021 Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990–2021 (IHME/GHDx) — 2024 — IHME]
* [https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/documents/2024-06/soga-2024-report_0.pdf State of Global Air 2024 report — 2024 — Health Effects Institute / IHME / UNICEF]
* [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2 Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2019 study — 2020 — The Lancet]
* [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05833 Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors — 2016 — Environmental Science & Technology]

Drinking-water nitrate concentration at point of use - Revision history

Rtuffli: SIGNAL republish article metadata from draft 29

Rtuffli: SIGNAL publish from draft v29