Editing Untreated wastewater overflow and release to the environment

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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|+ SIGNAL Earth Structured Data
|-
! Object type
| Damage Signal
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! SIGNAL Earth ID
| DS-00799
|-
! Observable type
| Untreated wastewater overflow volume released to the environment
|-
! Unit
| m3/yr (cubic meters of untreated wastewater released to the environment per year)
|-
! Temporal structure
| Annual
|-
! Monitoring backbone
| Utility overflow / bypass reporting
|}
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{{SignalTerm|type=DS|id=DS-00799|label=Untreated wastewater overflow and release to the environment}} refers to the discharge of raw or minimally treated sewage from collection and conveyance systems into natural water bodies or the surrounding environment. This phenomenon occurs when wastewater infrastructure such as sanitary sewers or combined sewer systems experience overflows, bypasses, or leaks, resulting in the direct release of untreated wastewater. These events can impact water quality and pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health.

The relevance of untreated wastewater overflows lies in their potential to introduce pathogens, nutrients, and pollutants into freshwater and marine environments. Understanding the frequency, volume, and spatial distribution of these releases is essential for water resource management and environmental protection efforts. Monitoring untreated wastewater overflow contributes to assessing infrastructure performance and identifying areas requiring mitigation or upgrades.

Within global environmental monitoring frameworks, untreated wastewater overflow is recognized as a significant water quality damage signal. It complements other indicators related to water pollution and ecosystem health, providing a focused measure of untreated sewage inputs from urban and suburban wastewater collection systems.

== Geographic / System Context ==
Untreated wastewater overflow and release occurs worldwide wherever wastewater collection and conveyance infrastructure is present. This includes urban, suburban, and some rural areas with sanitary sewer systems or combined sewer systems. Geographic variability arises from differences in infrastructure design, maintenance, rainfall patterns, population density, and regulatory frameworks. Overflows are more common in regions with aging or insufficiently sized sewer networks, or where heavy precipitation events overwhelm system capacity.

The environmental system affected primarily includes freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, and streams, as well as coastal and estuarine waters receiving untreated discharges. These water bodies serve as receptors for overflow events, influencing local water quality and ecological conditions.

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Monitoring of untreated wastewater overflow volume is typically conducted through utility overflow and bypass reporting programs. Wastewater utilities track and report incidents of sanitary sewer overflows, bypasses at treatment plants, and leaks within collection systems. These reports often include estimates of overflow volumes based on flow measurements, hydraulic modeling, or empirical calculations.

Data collection relies on a combination of flow monitoring equipment, incident logs, and regulatory reporting requirements. In some regions, environmental agencies mandate systematic reporting of overflow events to support water quality management. Scientific methods for quantifying overflow volumes may vary, but annual aggregation of reported data provides a basis for assessing temporal trends and spatial distribution of untreated wastewater releases.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.

== Signal Definition ==
The signal represents the annual volume of untreated wastewater overflow, bypass, leakage, or release to the environment originating from wastewater collection and conveyance systems. It quantifies the total cubic meters per year (m3/yr) of untreated sewage discharged outside of treatment processes, capturing events such as sanitary sewer overflows and collection-system leaks.

== Boundary Conditions ==
Included within this signal are all releases of untreated wastewater from collection and conveyance infrastructure, such as sanitary sewer overflows, bypasses of treatment facilities, and leaks in sewer lines. These represent direct discharges of raw sewage to the environment prior to any treatment.

Excluded from this signal are treated effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants, which undergo processing before release, and ambient water quality state variables measured in receiving waters that reflect the condition of the environment rather than direct discharge volumes.

== Aggregation Semantics ==
Geographically, the signal aggregates overflow volumes across all reporting jurisdictions globally, encompassing urban and rural sewer systems where data is available. Temporally, the signal is aggregated on an annual basis, summarizing total untreated wastewater release volumes per year.

Cross-signal aggregation involves integrating this signal with related water quality and ecosystem health indicators to provide a comprehensive assessment of freshwater and coastal environmental conditions. The annual volume metric facilitates comparison across regions and time periods, supporting trend analysis and infrastructure performance evaluation.

== Observational Status ==
Monitoring of untreated wastewater overflow volume is ongoing through utility reporting frameworks in many regions, though data availability and quality vary internationally. Current datasets primarily consist of self-reported overflow incidents and estimated volumes aggregated annually. Future SIGNAL releases may incorporate improved spatial resolution, standardized measurement protocols, and integration with complementary environmental signals to enhance understanding of untreated wastewater impacts on water quality.

== Related Signals ==
* Combined sewer overflow discharge volume
* Drinking-water treatment failure risk index
* Freshwater biodiversity pressure index
* Freshwater ecosystem condition index
* Freshwater eutrophication index
* Freshwater nutrient enrichment index
* Freshwater oxygen depletion pressure index
* Wastewater contaminant overflow load

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== Key Associated People ==
* None recorded
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== Sources ==
* None recorded
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