Editing Fish catch (mass)

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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|+ SIGNAL Earth Structured Data
|-
! Object type
| Damage Signal
|-
! SIGNAL Earth ID
| DS-00049
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! Observable type
| Fish catch (mass)
|-
! Unit
| t/year (t/year (metric tons per year))
|-
! Temporal structure
| Annual
|-
! Monitoring backbone
| —
|}
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{{SignalTerm|type=DS|id=DS-00049|label=Fish catch (mass)}} represents the total biomass of fish and other aquatic organisms harvested from wild fisheries globally, measured annually in metric tons. It serves as a key indicator of the pressure exerted by human harvesting activities on marine and freshwater ecosystems. Monitoring fish catch is essential for understanding trends in resource exploitation, ecosystem health, and the sustainability of fisheries worldwide. This phenomenon is influenced by ecological, economic, and regulatory factors that shape fishing effort and catch composition. The assessment of fish catch mass provides insight into the Anthropogenic-Throughput domain, reflecting human-driven extraction rates from aquatic environments.

== Geographic / System Context ==
Fish catch occurs across diverse geographic regions including marine and freshwater systems worldwide. These include coastal waters, continental shelves, open oceans, rivers, lakes, and inland water bodies. The spatial distribution of fish catch is influenced by the geographic range of target species, fishing fleet operations, and regional management regimes. Globally, fishing activities span from small-scale artisanal fisheries to large industrial operations, affecting ecosystems from tropical coral reefs to temperate and polar waters. The geographic scope of fish catch data encompasses all ocean basins and inland waters where commercial or subsistence fishing is practiced.

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Fish catch is monitored through a combination of national fisheries reporting systems, scientific surveys, and reconstructed catch estimates that account for unreported and illegal catches. Institutions such as the Food and Agriculture Organization ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization FAO]) compile global catch statistics submitted by member countries. Scientific methods include fishery-dependent data collection, onboard observer programs, and remote sensing technologies. Reconstructions of catch data aim to correct for underreporting and provide more comprehensive estimates. Measurement conventions typically express catch mass in metric tons per year, aggregated at various spatial and temporal scales to inform stock assessments and ecosystem monitoring.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.

== Signal Definition ==
The Fish catch (mass) signal quantifies the annual total biomass of fish and other aquatic organisms removed from wild populations by fishing activities, expressed in metric tons per year. It captures the pressure exerted by human extraction on aquatic ecosystems, representing a DRIVER condition within the Anthropogenic-Throughput domain. This signal is derived from the Observable Type 'Fish catch (mass)', reflecting the mass of catch reported or estimated from fisheries data sources.

== Boundary Conditions ==
Boundary inclusions encompass all wild-caught fish and aquatic organisms harvested for commercial, recreational, or subsistence purposes within the global geographic scope. This includes catches from marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. Boundary exclusions comprise aquaculture production, discards not retained or landed, and non-fish aquatic species not targeted or recorded in catch statistics. By definition, catch from illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is partially excluded unless accounted for in reconstructed catch estimates. The signal excludes biomass changes due to natural mortality or ecological processes unrelated to fishing.

== Aggregation Semantics ==
Geographic aggregation of fish catch data occurs at multiple scales, from local fishing grounds to national and regional jurisdictions, up to global ocean basins. Temporal aggregation is standardized on an annual basis to align with reporting cycles and facilitate trend analysis. Cross-signal aggregation may involve integration with related environmental signals such as marine fish biomass stock assessments, habitat disturbance indices, and ecosystem health indicators to provide a holistic understanding of fisheries impacts. Aggregated data supports comparative assessments and informs ecosystem-based management frameworks.

== Observational Status ==
Monitoring of fish catch mass is ongoing with data compiled annually by international organizations and national agencies. While reported catch data provide a primary source, reconstructed catch datasets improve completeness by addressing underreporting and IUU fishing. Future SIGNAL releases may incorporate enhanced spatial resolution, integration with habitat and stock condition signals, and improved temporal coverage. Continued development of monitoring backbones and data harmonization efforts will support refined assessments of fishing pressures and their ecological consequences.

== Related Signals ==
* Aquaculture farm habitat and biodeposition disturbance burden
* Biota toxic contaminant burden
* Coastal eutrophication index
* Harmful algal bloom occurrence frequency (cyanobacteria proxy)
* Marine construction disturbance from offshore energy infrastructure
* Marine dissolved oxygen concentration
* Marine fish biomass stock (declared species group)
* Marine heatwave intensity

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== Key Associated People ==
* '''Daniel Pauly''' (University of British Columbia) [Lead author]
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== Sources ==
* [https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10244 Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining — 2016]
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