Editing Anthropogenic F-gases emissions (AR5 100-year CO2e)

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| Damage Signal
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| DS-00848
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| Gg CO2e
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{{SignalTerm|type=DS|id=DS-00848|label=Anthropogenic F-gases emissions (AR5 100-year CO2e)}} Anthropogenic fluorinated gases (F-gases) emissions represent a category of greenhouse gas emissions arising from human activities involving synthetic compounds containing fluorine. These gases, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), contribute to atmospheric radiative forcing due to their high global warming potentials. The measurement of these emissions in terms of AR5 100-year CO2 equivalent (CO2e) provides a standardized metric to compare their climate impact relative to carbon dioxide over a century timescale.

F-gases are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, and industrial applications. Their emissions have become increasingly relevant in climate assessments due to their persistence and potency as greenhouse gases. Quantifying these emissions at national and global scales is essential for understanding their contribution to anthropogenic climate change.

This article describes the characterization of anthropogenic F-gases emissions as a defined environmental signal within the SIGNAL Earth observatory framework, highlighting the methods of aggregation, boundary definitions, and monitoring approaches associated with this signal.

== Geographic / System Context ==
Anthropogenic F-gases emissions are not confined to a specific geographic region but are globally distributed according to industrial activity, refrigeration usage, and regulatory practices. Emissions inventories typically aggregate data at country and sub-national levels to capture spatial variability. The global nature of F-gas emissions reflects the widespread industrial and commercial use of fluorinated compounds across diverse economic sectors worldwide.

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Monitoring of F-gases emissions relies primarily on bottom-up emission inventories compiled from reported production, import, export, and usage data, combined with emission factors. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) provides annual country-level total emissions of F-gases expressed in AR5 100-year CO2e units, integrating multiple species and sources. Atmospheric measurements and inverse modeling complement inventory data to validate emission estimates and track trends over time. Scientific institutions and international agencies contribute to data collection and standardization efforts to improve the accuracy and comparability of F-gases emission data.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.

== Signal Definition ==
The Anthropogenic F-gases emissions (AR5 100-year CO2e) signal quantifies the total annual emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases attributable to human activities. Emissions are aggregated across multiple F-gas species and expressed in terms of their 100-year global warming potential equivalence as defined by the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change IPCC]). This provides a unified metric for assessing the climate impact of diverse F-gas compounds.

== Boundary Conditions ==
Boundary inclusions encompass all anthropogenic emissions of fluorinated gases reported in the EDGAR inventory, including hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride, aggregated by country annually. Emissions from natural sources or non-fluorinated greenhouse gases are excluded. Emissions must be attributable to human activities such as industrial processes, refrigeration leaks, and product use. Emissions outside the temporal scope of the inventory or lacking sufficient data for inclusion are excluded from the signal.

== Aggregation Semantics ==
Geographic aggregation is performed at the country level, with data compiled annually to capture temporal variations. The signal aggregates emissions across all relevant F-gas species to provide a comprehensive measure of fluorinated greenhouse gas contributions. Cross-signal aggregation may involve integration with other greenhouse gas emissions signals to assess total anthropogenic climate forcing. Aggregation notes emphasize consistent use of AR5 100-year CO2e equivalencies to maintain comparability across species and regions.

== Observational Status ==
Current observational status relies on the EDGAR v8.0 database, which offers detailed spatial and temporal resolution of F-gas emissions at national and sub-national scales. Data quality depends on the availability and accuracy of reported activity data and emission factors. Future SIGNAL releases may incorporate enhanced temporal resolution, additional species, and integration with atmospheric measurement data to refine emission estimates and improve monitoring capabilities.

== Related Signals ==
* Refrigerant compound emissions to air

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== Key Associated People ==
* '''Monica Crippa''' — European Commission JRC [Source author; High]
* '''Diego Guizzardi''' — Didesk Informatica / EDGAR collaborator [Source author; Medium]

Inclusion reflects material contribution to the scientific understanding of this damage signal; it does not imply review, endorsement, or affiliation with SIGNAL Earth.
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== Sources ==
* [https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/2811/2024/essd-16-2811-2024.html Insights into the spatial distribution of global, national, and sub-national greenhouse gas emissions from EDGAR v8.0] — 2024. [Dataset; Anchor; High]
* [https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2025 EDGAR F-gases emissions data (1990-2024)] — EDGAR - The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, 2024. [Dataset; Dataset; High]
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