Editing Sea surface temperature (section)

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Sea surface temperature is monitored using a combination of satellite remote sensing, in situ measurements from buoys, ships, and autonomous floats, and oceanographic research vessels. Satellite sensors provide frequent, near-global coverage by measuring thermal infrared and microwave emissions from the ocean surface. In situ data are essential for calibration, validation, and capturing subsurface temperature profiles.

Institutions such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration NOAA]), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA NASA]), and international ocean observing programs contribute to the continuous monitoring of SST. Standardized measurement conventions and quality control protocols ensure data reliability and comparability.

Within the SIGNAL system, sea surface temperature is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.