Editing Ice sheet mass change (section)

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Ice sheet mass change is monitored using a combination of satellite, airborne, and ground-based observational techniques. The primary monitoring backbone is the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, operated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA NASA], which measures variations in Earth's gravity field to infer changes in ice mass over time. Complementary satellite missions include altimetry satellites that measure surface elevation changes and radar and laser instruments that assess ice thickness and flow dynamics.

Scientific methods also involve the integration of remote sensing data with climate models and in situ measurements such as ice cores and GPS stations. These approaches allow for the estimation of annual mass balance and the attribution of changes to specific processes such as surface melting, basal melting, and iceberg calving. Data from international research programs like the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE) provide consolidated assessments of ice sheet changes.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.