Editing Ice sheet mass (section)

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Scientists monitor ice sheet mass using a combination of remote sensing technologies, in situ measurements, and modeling approaches. Satellite missions such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA NASA]'s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on missions measure changes in Earth's gravity field to infer mass variations in ice sheets. Satellite altimetry instruments, including radar and laser altimeters, track changes in ice sheet surface elevation.

Ground-based observations, such as ice core drilling and GPS measurements, provide complementary data on ice dynamics and accumulation rates. Climate and glaciological models assimilate observational data to estimate mass balance and project future changes. International scientific organizations and agencies, including NASA and the European Space Agency, coordinate monitoring efforts to maintain continuous and comprehensive datasets.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.