Editing Combined sewer overflow discharge volume (section)

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Monitoring of combined sewer overflow discharge volume relies on utility overflow and bypass reporting systems maintained by municipal water and wastewater agencies. These entities typically record the occurrence, duration, and estimated volume of overflow events using flow meters, telemetry systems, and event logs. Measurement methods may include direct flow measurement at overflow points, modeling based on rainfall data and sewer system hydraulics, and estimation through combined sewer system capacity analyses. Data collection is generally aggregated on an annual basis to capture the total volume of untreated or partially treated wastewater released over time. This monitoring is essential for regulatory reporting, environmental compliance, and infrastructure planning.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.