Editing Agriculture — AFOLU Emissions (section)

== Monitoring and Measurement ==
Monitoring AFOLU emissions involves a combination of remote sensing, ground-based observations, and modeling approaches. Satellite data provide information on land cover changes, deforestation rates, and biomass dynamics. Field measurements capture soil carbon fluxes, methane emissions from enteric fermentation, and nitrous oxide release from fertilized soils. National greenhouse gas inventories compile activity data and emission factors following guidelines from organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change IPCC]). Advances in atmospheric measurements and inverse modeling also contribute to constraining emission estimates at various scales.

Within the SIGNAL system, this phenomenon is treated as a defined environmental signal whose boundaries and measurement conventions are described below.